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Top 50 French Idioms and Expressions You Need to Know

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June 28, 2026

Why Idioms Matter for TCF Canada

Native French speakers — including those in radio broadcasts, podcasts, and conversations that appear on TCF Canada — use idioms constantly. Recognizing them in listening tasks and using them naturally in speaking and writing tasks is a strong signal of B2+ proficiency.

Here are the 50 most important French idioms grouped by category.

Body Parts

Idiom Literal Meaning
Avoir le cafard To have the cockroach To feel down / depressed
Avoir le coup de foudre To have the lightning bolt To fall in love at first sight
Casser les pieds à quelqu'un To break someone's feet To annoy someone
Avoir la tête dans les nuages To have your head in the clouds To be a daydreamer / distracted
Se creuser la tête To dig into one's head To rack your brain / think hard
Donner un coup de main To give a hand stroke To give someone a hand / help
Ne pas avoir froid aux yeux Not to have cold eyes To be bold / fearless
Coûter les yeux de la tête To cost the eyes from the head To cost an arm and a leg
Avoir le bras long To have a long arm To have connections / influence
En avoir plein le dos To have a full back To be fed up / sick of something

Animals

Idiom Literal Meaning
Quand les poules auront des dents When hens have teeth When pigs fly / never
Poser un lapin à quelqu'un To put a rabbit on someone To stand someone up
Il pleut des cordes It's raining ropes It's raining cats and dogs
Avoir d'autres chats à fouetter To have other cats to whip To have other fish to fry / more important things
Donner sa langue au chat To give your tongue to the cat To give up guessing

Food and Drink

Idiom Literal Meaning
Avoir la pêche / la patate To have the peach / potato To feel great / be full of energy
Raconter des salades To tell salads To tell lies / nonsense
Avoir du pain sur la planche To have bread on the board To have a lot of work ahead
Mettre de l'eau dans son vin To put water in one's wine To tone it down / be less extreme
Ce n'est pas la mer à boire It's not the sea to drink It's not that difficult / it's not a big deal

Feelings and Situations

Idiom Literal Meaning
Être dans la lune To be in the moon To be distracted / daydreaming
Avoir le moral dans les chaussettes To have one's morale in one's socks To feel really low / depressed
Ne pas être dans son assiette Not to be in one's plate To not feel well / to be off
Se faire du souci To make worries for oneself To worry
Avoir le trac To have the trac To have stage fright / nerves
Se mettre en quatre To put oneself in four To go out of one's way / bend over backwards
Tomber dans les pommes To fall into the apples To faint

Work and Effort

Idiom Meaning
Se retrousser les manches To roll up one's sleeves (same as English!)
Brûler la chandelle par les deux bouts To burn the candle at both ends
Faire d'une pierre deux coups To kill two birds with one stone
Mettre les bouchées doubles To speed up / work twice as hard
Avoir le vent en poupe To have the wind at one's back / to be doing great

Social and Communication

Idiom Meaning
Tourner autour du pot To beat around the bush
Appeler un chat un chat To call a cat a cat / to call a spade a spade
Parler dans le vide To speak into a void / talk to no effect
Jeter de l'huile sur le feu To pour oil on the fire / to make things worse
Prendre la parole To take the floor / to start speaking

Time and Urgency

Idiom Meaning
Mettre les points sur les i To dot the i's / to be perfectly clear
Il ne faut pas vendre la peau de l'ours avant de l'avoir tué Don't count your chickens before they hatch
C'est la croix et la bannière It's a real hassle / very complicated
Petit à petit, l'oiseau fait son nid Little by little the bird builds its nest / slow and steady wins the race
Au pied levé At short notice / immediately / off the cuff

Commonly Heard in Canada

Expression Meaning Note
C'est le boutte ! It's awesome! Quebec French slang
Être dans le trouble To be in trouble Quebec French (from English "trouble")
C'est correct It's fine / OK Standard in Canada, not "it's correct"
Bienvenue ! You're welcome! Used as "de rien" in Canadian French

These 50 idioms cover the most common expressions you will encounter in real conversations, radio segments, and exam listening tracks. Focus on understanding them first — using even 5-10 naturally in your speaking tasks will significantly boost your TCF/TEF speaking score.

Want to build exam-ready vocabulary around this topic? Check out our TCF vocabulary lists.